In the beginning
The 3rd February 1939 was a milestone in the history of Chatteris for on that day Kenneth M Lindsay MP, then parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Education, arrived in the town to declare open the magnificent new senior school.

At a memorable ceremony Mrs J A de Rothschild, wife of the local MP, named the School by unveiling a Union Jack draped plaque over the front door and then Mr Lindsay unlocked the front door using a special key. So 50 years ago Cromwell was born.

For several weeks beforehand staff and pupils had experienced some of the pleasures and problems associated with any fresh undertaking and they looked forward to settling down to a well-organised routine in the new establishment.

To us 50 years later it seems unbelievable that the buildings had been erected at the cost of £35,000 while furniture, fittings and equipment totalled a mere £3,250. By comparison, this would not provide one classroom today and would permit little more that the furnishing of two general classrooms. Among the firms which supplied the goods were several concerns still in business locally today - Messrs Lovell & Ward, G Brewin and Watkins & Stafford.
1989 Jubilee Booklet Cover

The staff of both schools had been newly appointed and were led by Mr A.C.E. Weston BSc (Econ) and Miss A Lawton and totalled fourteen men and women. Pupils were drawn not only from Chatteris but also from Benwick, Doddington, Manea, Mepal, Stonea, Sutton, Wimblington, and Witcham. A complete change for all but especially for the village children who were unused to the bus journeys as well as to the vast building and numerous other people around them.

With such an optimistic beginning it seemed as though nothing could go wrong but within a few months the first effects of World War II were being felt as Staff were called up, children returned to village schools and evacuees moved in.

Reminiscences of A.C.E. Weston (First Headmaster)
January 1939 when I first took the post at the Cromwell School, as all those old enough to remember will testify, was a time fraught with far of war and concerned with the preparations for war. It was a period during which, one by one, my hopes of offering new educational experiences to children in a rural area were aborted. During the two years and five months which I spent in Chatteris we actually had the declaration of war followed by all my young staff being called up for military service. Next, the children from the villages were no longer brought to Chatteris but retained in their old local schools because of lack of transport.

Soon, evacuations from East London brought three London schools to share our premises: the Davenant Foundation School, the Robert Montefiore School and a section of the Jews Free School We all used the Main School on a part time basis and, for the rest of the time every church or chapel hall (even a room at the Co-op) was pressed into service. I expect many tales have been told and many can still be told of the experiences had by the good folk of Chatteris in coping with the problems of evacuation. I had some, too, as for example arranging for the Feast of the Passover to be held in the School according to the Jewish tradition. Then again, the main national slogan had become, "Dig for Victory". Even at the School we were digging and planting potatoes where we had hoped for ornamental flower beds. More often than not many children were away from school engaged in multifarious agricultural operations such as carrot "hoeing", beet "singling", plum "pulling" or even celery "dropping" to keep the British "inner man" sustained. Attendances became so bad that the Board of Education (as it was then) became worried and made noises about withholding the Board's grant to the County.

Cromwell in Wartime
With the strong possibility of a war breaking out the school had been designed so that it was suitable for conversion into a hospital should the need arise and 162 iron bedsteads, mattresses and pillows were stored under the stages in readiness.

With the departure of Mr A.C.E. Weston the Education Committee decided that Mr W Precious, who was the Headmaster of the King Edward Junior School, should take over the Cromwell Boys Schools as well so he moved into Cromwell with his pupils and staff, leaving King Edward free for a London School, The Robert Montefiore.

The Cromwell buildings were not large enough to accommodate all the juniors and seniors in Chatteris as well as a London senior boys school, the Davenant Foundation, so many lessons were taken in various halls in the town. Staff became used to being sent at short notice with a class and little or no equipment. It was a great time for improvising. Perhaps some of the most unusual lessons were when pupils were taken with their gas masks to walk though a gas filled garage at Belmont House, East Park Street, the home of Mr & Mrs R Heading. Before individual gas masks were issues supplies were loaned so that staff and pupils had practice in fitting and packing them away. Another effect of the war was a shortage of petrol which caused many pupils to have to return to the village schools and numbers at Cromwell went down.

In October 1939 a whole morning was spent on air raid drill - a hand bell was rung as a warning, whistles were blown every fifteen minutes when each class practised in the room they occupied, on the whistle they moved to the next room so that all pupils would be ready in an emergency in whatever room they happen to be. Windows were closed and children had to lie flat until the next move. In the halls they lifted trap doors and descended the concrete steps to shelter under the stage. Eventually it was decided to erect surface air raid shelters. These were used for the first time on 3rd July 1940 when the town had a yellow alert. During the following months the siren went so frequently that the schools decided to use the shelters only when danger was imminent.
It was during this period that the school closed for a short time as there was a shortage of fuel, later it closed when in a very cold spell the toilets were frozen.
Landwork
Farmers needed all the help they could get on the land and pupils of eleven and over were given two weeks off to help with beet singling.
Landwork

Some children from the Isle of Ely were evacuated to Canada and these were accompanied as far as Liverpool by Mr Weston and Miss Cornish. Having 'made do' during the war with small quantities of writing equipment and craft materials, it was lovely afterwards to have supplies increasing although the 'make do and mend' mentality stayed with us for a long time. Pencils were used to the bitter end, never a line was wasted in an exercise book, text-books were very precious and always covered as soon as they were issued.

The years of development
Fashions change in Education as in so many other spheres and with peace came many changes from Cromwell. Some staff returned and so did the village children led by Manea. The catchment area was altered and Haddenham, Little Downham, Pymore, Stretham and Wardy Hill sent pupils to Cromwell. The school leaving age was raised to 15 years in 1947 and to 16 years in the early seventies. In consequence one Head Girl, Ruth Ransome, served two years in office.

Secondary Modern replaced Senior School and in 1957 came what was probably the most revolutionary change when the two schools were amalgamated under the leadership of Mr J C Llewellyn BSc with Miss H M Cornish as his deputy. Local residents predicted disaster and shook their heads at the very idea of a co-education but their fears were groundless and the reputation already achieved by Cromwell grew and grew.

Yet another change of name and of great significance came when the School was created a Community College catering for all age groups all through the year. Playgroups, day and evening classes, affiliated clubs and youth groups came to Cromwell, enjoyed the facilities made available to them and ensured that the College became the centre of activities for a wide area.

The abandonment of the 11+ in 1969 meant more changes as the 13+ came into being and parental choice overrode examination results. Since 1983 all pupils have remained at Cromwell until 16+ when they either leave to take up jobs or, in increasingly large numbers, to continue into further education.

Over the years new buildings have been erected whilst old ones have been extended, refurbished or changed in use. The facilities for PE have been improved by the purchase of an additional playing field and also by the building of a new Sports Hall. The school kitchen remembered by many of the early pupils is now the Staff Lounge and dinners are enjoyed in the special Dining Hall with its well-equipped kitchen. In fact some of those visiting Cromwell during the Jubilee celebrations may find it difficult to discover their old haunts once more.

1959 Prize Giving Phamplet

Looking back at the report of the opening as described in the Cambridge Times of 10th February 1939 we find Mr Lindsay's words as true today as they were 50 years ago "Do not let us forget that you cannot put 60 people in a class room and call it education". Successive generations of staff and pupils have not forgotten that precept and this is one of the reasons why the name of Cromwell Community College, Chatteris is so highly regarded today.

Community Education
The new Cromwell school quickly became a centre for education both by day and by night. Mrs Barrett (Miss Judge) acted as Principle for many years steering the classes through the problems of wartime and post war Britain. She was succeeded in this work by Mr Berry-Davis.
With the coming of the Community College and its different approach to adult education the post of Principle included both day and evening work taken on by Mr Don Cooper and subsequent Heads, They have been assisted by full-time Community Tutors who co-ordinate the many activities through the Centre Association.
Dress Making
The range of courses offered has grown steadily over the years covering every conceivable subject from dressmaking to antique furniture restoration, Basic English to Environmental Issues, and Ladies Keep Fit to Tang-Soo-Do. The College offers examination courses under the auspices of the London City and Guilds, G.C.E., R.S.A., Pitmans, Royal Schools of Ballet, B.A.G.A., and A.S.A.
Dress Making

Community education now embraces youth work, provisions for the under 5's, and over 60's. Much of this work is carried on during the day time at the Community Annexe (The former King Edward Centre). The numerous affiliated groups have a membership of well over 2,000 whilst weekly attendances at all activities, including classes, affiliated clubs, and youth activities are running at around 1,800.

Staff
During the 50 years of the school's life staff changes have been many, This transition has been one of Cromwell's good points. Some have remained for long periods ensuring the stability which provides the solid base of a sound school: others have brought in their new ideas, put them into practice and then moved on to fresh fields. Of the original staff only Miss Cornish stayed the course, retiring in 1974 after long and faithful service to the school.

Inevitably we have been unable to obtain news of all who have served the school. As might be expected some have died, some have left the area but many still maintain contact with the College and we hope to see many of them over the period of the Jubilee.

Back Room Boys and Girls
No report on the 50 years no matter how brief would be complete without a reference to the many men and women who have worked steadily in the background to enable the wheels of Cromwell to turn smoothly and evenly.

Throughout the years the occupants of the caretaker's house have given exemplary service. Bill and Annie Ruston, Alf and May Upchurch, Alec and Mary Saberton and now John and Pat Smith have earned the gratitude of us all. Others have assisted with the caretaking and nowadays old Cromwellian Roy Graves is the assistant caretaker. Cleaners have come and gone but few buildings of that size have always been kept quite as immaculate as Cromwell.

School dinners are the theme of many a joke but here again Cromwell has been fortunate and Annie Ruston, Joan Sutherland and nowadays Kathleen Ringham and their helpers have ensured that the pupils have been well fed.

The work of school secretaries is not glamorous but Cromwell has been fortunate to attract and keep a succession of capable ladies to undertake the task, a task which has become much more onerous and demanding in the modern hi-tech office.

With the increased emphasis on Technology it became necessary to employ extra help for the teaching staff and so support staff came to work in several departments. They too have done a fine job and the college has reason to be grateful to them.

Many visitor have commented on the condition of the grounds and playing fields and here we must record the fine work of men such as Vic Hurt and Michael Melnyk who have merited these remarks.

COGA - COBA - COSA - PTA
The late 1940's saw the formations of two organisations for past pupils. Both associations were welcomed warmly and many of the original scholars returned to visit their old school and to renew acquaintances with their teachers.
Members quickly became involved in a variety of activities - beetle drives, jumble sales and even dramatic performances usually with the aim of raising money for the school. The annual dinner was a very popular function and many photographs are still available to remind people of those happy evenings.
COBA 1954
With the amalgamation of the two schools the Associations melded to form COSA which continued to carry on the work of its predecessors. In time that role changed and it was reluctantly decided to disband in the 1970's
COGA 1955

One of the reasons for this change was the coming into being of the PTA, many of whose members were themselves old scholars and naturally they wishes to work for Cromwell in their capacity as parents.

Over the years the PTA has toiled indefatigably for the College with the annual Christmas Fair their major effort. The minibus is but one example of a facility which owes much to the efforts of the PTA. The support given to the Fair by parents, staff and pupils ensures that it continues to be an excellent fund raiser.

As another aspect of its work the PTA has held meetings with the officers of the LEA and local Councillors in order to help to foster good relations. In particular they have worked to try to help with road safety especially in relation to the speed limit in Wenny Road.

Representatives of the parents serve on the Governing Body and at the time of writing the Chairman of the Governors is also a father if a pupil.

The Changing Face of Cromwell
Cromwell was created to provide wider and better educational opportunities within the area. From the outset it achieved that aim and has continued to do so. Inevitably, over the years, needs and circumstances have changed, causing changes in the College with the result that Cromwell of 1989 is very different to the establishment which came into being in 1939. The most obvious change has been the growth of the establishment - more pupils, more staff, more buildings. The original buildings remained almost unchanged until the 1960's when a dinning hall was added. Since then, the raising of the school-leaving age to 16 brought with it a new craft block, reorganisation as a fully comprehensive unit in 1983 created the need for more buildings (including the Sports Hall and laboratories) and the re-design of some existing buildings, and, looking into the near future, to meet the demands of growing numbers and changes in the what the school must provide, another phase of extensions will be added in the early 1990's. To those able to visit the College when it is in session, equally obvious will be the changes in some of the subjects taught, in what is taught within recognised subjects and in the equipment available to pupils. Such changes should be viewed, not as innovation for the sake of it, but as a reflection of the College's determination to provide for its pupils the most relevant and very best opportunities possible. That has included taking advantage of the increased provision of external examinations. Until the mid 1960's such opportunities were very limited at Cromwell but have grown apace until now very few pupils leave the College without some formal qualification. Alongside this the ambitions and intentions of the pupils have developed. In the early years prospects were bleak for school leavers and 'Go on the land' was the most frequent reply when the question of future work was raised. Even as late as 1950 a survey of girls leaving the school revealed that the overwhelming majority went into agriculture, domestic service or became shop assistants: less that 5% went into Further Education. By comparison, of the pupils leaving Cromwell in 1988 over 49% went into Further Education. A major reason for the success of the College and the reputation it has gained has been the commitment and ambition of the many pupils who have passed through it over the years. The result is that Cromwell pupils are now gaining excellent qualifications, and seeking to use those qualifications to gain prestigious positions, not only in this area, but throughout the length and breadth of the land, and even abroad.

The achievements of a school cannot be measured solely by what happens in the classroom. Equally important are the additional activities: these have flourished at Cromwell. Some events such as Sports Day and the Harvest endure over the years. There are many happy memories of the Harvest, for pupils who saw the display and took part in the service and for the elderly of the area who received the produce. The May Day celebrations came into the category which were celebrated joyously for a period - the election of the May Queen (and how important that was seen to be!), the secret preparation of her dress, the dancing around the Maypole - and then became a matter of memory. Many will remember the enjoyment they gained from participation in the various Drama productions such as "The Barrett's of Wimpole Street", "The Hole in the Road" and "The Italian Straw Hat". In recent years the College has become noted for the scope and quality of its musical activities - the choirs, the folk group, the orchestra and the Brass Band which has been so consistently successful in the Peterborough Music Festival.

May Queen Maypole Sports Day Sports Day Harvest Harvest 1955

In 1959 Mrs R Goodger organised the first mixed party to go abroad, staying in Boppard on the River Rhine. Since then visits have been made to many other foreign locations and, in addition, we have today the well established links with Mehun-sur-Yevre (France) and (through community education) with St Hubert (Germany). Such visits provide a lot of enjoyment and also the chance to widen horizons. Residential visits within this country have also been important in introducing pupils from the rural, flat fenlands to different environments.

Week by week a wide selection of clubs and activities are held in the College giving pupils the opportunity to develop and pursue interests of considerable variety. All this is regarded as part of the total provision for pupils. Since becoming a community establishment the College has been equally determined in the provision it has made within the area. Indeed, it has adopted an ambitious commitment which has put it in the forefront of community education in Cambridgeshire, a commitment which has included making provision in the villages as well as Chatteris, in seeking to meet needs of people of all ages. Inventiveness has played its part and the development of a Day Club for the Elderly in licensed premises in Doddington is thought to be one of the first such ventures in the country. A very essential need has been met in the provision of Pre-School Play Groups, whilst study, leisure, interest and activity are catered for in an exceptionally wide range if classes and clubs.

Inevitably an anniversary causes one to look to the past but it is imperative at the same time to give consideration to the future. The history of Cromwell has been one of change and development: there is no reason to believe that will cease. Indeed, both school and community education are undergoing considerable changes, changes which are so far-reaching that it is not possible to state with any degree of precision what the developments will be. Certain things, however, can be said with confidence. We look forward to continuing to be the major provider of secondary and community education in the area, to utilising enhanced buildings and facilities in making that provision, whilst the commitment and determination which has carried Cromwell to such success in its first fifty years remains as strong as ever and we look forward to another fifty years which will, at the very least, be equally as successful.

(In compiling this pamphlet I am grateful to the considerable contributions from Mrs Rita Goodger, Miss Joan Mackintosh and Mr Ray Dordery and for the assistance given to me by Mrs Katherine Childs.)

A C Atkins